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The urgent need to mitigate climate change and ensure long-term energy security has driven significant research and development in sustainable energy technologies. This article provides an overview of various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, and their potential to replace fossil fuels. We discuss the principles of operation, technological advancements, and current deployment status of these energy sources. Furthermore, we explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the large-scale integration of renewable energy into existing energy systems, such as grid stability, energy storage, and land use considerations. We also examine the role of energy efficiency and conservation in achieving a sustainable energy future. This summary highlights the critical importance of transitioning to sustainable energy solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect the environment, and ensure a reliable and equitable energy supply for generations to come.